I. Study the passage and choose the best answer to the questions
that follow.
Using a simple
membrane extract from spinach leaves, researchers from the Technion-Israel
Institute of Technology have developed a bio-photo-electro-chemical (BPEC) cell
that produces electricity and hydrogen from water using sunlight. The raw
material of the device is water and its products are electric current, hydrogen
and oxygen.
The unique
combination of a human-made BPEC cell and plant membranes, which absorb
sunlight and convert
it into flow of electrons highly efficiently, paves the way for the development
of new technologies for the creation of clean fuels from renewable sources;
water and solar energy.
The BPEC cell
developed by the researchers is based on the naturally occuring process of
photosynthesis in plants, in which light drives electrons that produce the
storabel chemical energetic molecules that are the fuels of all cells in the
animal and the plants worlds.
In order to utilize
photosynthesis for producing electric current, the researchers added an
iron-based compound to the solution. It mediates the transfer of electrons from the biological
membranes to the electrical circuit, enabling the creation of an electric
current in the cell.
The electrical
current can also be channeled to form hydrogen gas through the addition of
electric power from a small photovoltaic cell that absorbs the excess light.
This make possible the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy that is
stored as hydrogen gas formed inside the BPEC cell. This energy can be converted when necessary
into heat and electricity by buming the hydrogen, in the same way hydrocarbon
fuels are used.
However, unlike the
combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, which emit greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide)
into the atmosphere and pollute the environment, the product of hydrogen
combustion is clean water. Therefore, this is a closed cycle that begins with
water and ends with water, allowing the conversion and storage of solar energy
in hydrogen gas, which could be a clean and sustainable substitute for
hydrocarbon fuel.
“The study is unique
in that it combine leading experts from three different faculties, namely three
disciplines: biology, chemistry and materials engineering,” said Prof.
Rothschild. “ The combination of natural (leaves) and artificial (photovoltaic cell and
electronic components), and the need to make these components communicate with
each other, are complex engineering challenges that required us to join
forces.”
Taken from https://www.sciencedaily.com/release/2016/09/160922085743.htm
Accessed 30 March 2017
41. What is the topic of the text?
a. A promising step into creating a renewable energy source
b. Making use of photosynthesis to create clean energy
c. The combination of three disciplines in a research project
d. Clean renewable energy found in nature
e. Utilizing electric current to create renewable energy sources
42. The word “convert” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
a. exchange
b. transform
c. translate
d. remove
e. replace
*kata yang dimaksud berwarna kuning
43. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
a. The researchers used animal membranes to develop BPEC cell.
b. The researchers used cells of the animal and plants to develop BPEC
cell.
c. The BPEC cell was created through electric current.
d. The BPEC cell works like the cells of animal and plants.
e. The BPEC cell uses sunlight to create fuels
44. What does the word “it” in line 11 refer to?
a. the BPEC cell
b. photosynthesis
c. the solution
d. an iron-based compound
e. electric current
*kata yang dimaksud berwarna kuning
45. The text all of the following EXCEPT
a. the electrical current can also be channeled to form hydrogen gas
b. a photovoltaic cell is used to absorb light
c. a BPEC cell stores chemical energy in the form of gas
d. the conversion of hydrogen and hydrocarbon in the same manner
e. the burning of hydrogen is more efficient than that of hydrocarbon
46. Why does the author mention the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in
paragraph 5?
a. To explain the process of hydrocarbon combustion
b. To explain the process of hydrocarbon combustion
c. To emphasize the nonpolluting product of hydrogen
d. To show similarities between hydrogen and hydrocarbon combustion
e. To explain the advantage of hydrocarbon
47. Where in the text does the author mention the product of hydrogen
combustion?
a. Paragraph 3
b. Paragraph 4
c. Paragraph 5
d. Paragraph 6
e. Paragraph 7
48. What does the phrase “this energy” in line 15 refer to?
a. hydrogen gas
b. solar energy
c. chemical energy
d. hydrocarbon fuels
e. a substitute
*kata yang dimaksud berwarna kuning
49. The word “artificial” in line 22 is best replaced by
a. superficial
b. man-made
c. strange
d. foreign
e. ordinary
*kata yang dimaksud berwarna kuning
50. It can be infereed from the text that
a. hydrogen fuels emit greenhouse gases
b. the devolopment of the BPEC cell required a lot of funds
c. hydrogen fuels pollute the environment
d. the development of the BPEC cell involved a large number of expert
from different disciplines
e. hydrocarbon fuels could be sustainable energy
II. The text below has incomplete sentences. Choose one word or
phrase from each number that best completes the sentences.
The idea that red means stop and green means go has
impacted our lives in more ways than just traffic signals. We (51) _____ from a
young age that the color red means danger and green means it is okay to move
forward. But why were those particular colors chosen for traffic lights in the
first place? For something we have to look at every day, why couldn’t they have
been prettier colors like magenta and turquoise?
Well, it is important
(52) ____ that before traffic lights for cars even became a thing, there were
traffic signals for trains (53) ____ , railroad companies used red to mean
stop, white to mean go, and green to mean caution. As you could go imagine,
train conductors ran into a few problems with white (54) ____ go. For instance,
one train conductor mistook a bright star (55) ____ a white light and thought
he was all clear. (56) ____ incidences like that, railway companies eventually
moved green meaning go, and it has been that way ever since.
(57) ____ red goes, it
has always been a color (58) ____ danger, long before cars were even around.
This most likely started because it is the color (59) ____ so it can be seen
from a greater distance than other colors. As far as yellow goes, it (60) ____
drivers because it has slightly shorter wavelength than red, but not as short
as green.
Adapted from http://www.rd.com/advice/travel/traffic-light/
Accessed 2 April 2017
51.
a. are taught
b. were taught
c. were being taught
d. had been taught
e. have been taught
52.
a. to know
b. knowing
c. to be known
d. having known
e. to have known
53.
a. First
b. Firstly
c. At first
d. In the first
e. At the first
54.
a. mean
b. means
c. meant
d. meaning
e. that is meant
55.
a. for
b. as
c. to
d. with
e. about
56.
a. Since
b. When
c. Althouh
d. In spite of
e. Because of
57.
a. As far
b. So far
c. Far as
d. As far as
e. So far as
58.
a. indicated that
b. that indicates
c. that is indicated
d. indicates
e. indicated
59
a. its wavelenght is the longest
b. with the longest wavelength
c. having a longer wavelength
d. has long wavelength
e. its long wavelength
60.
a. used to caution
b. using it to caution
c. was used to caution
d. was using it to caution
e. was used to cautioning
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