The
modern mummification process differs from the technique followed by the
Egyptians. Embalming dead bodies requires knowledge in different disciplines
like pathology, chemistry, anatomy, microbiology and chemistry. A sound knowledge
and expertise are needed in advanced fields of cosmetology and restorative art
since the procedure demands both time and skills. The embalmer is supposed to
follow the standard guidelines on the deceased. The body needs to be properly
prepared prior to the embalming process and then the surgical techniques are
applied. The process primarily aims at disinfecting the body and then
preserving it. Sometimes, families prefer to restore the dead for a certain
period in order to pacify their grief and then perform the funeral accordingly.
The process of embalming involves preparation of the body, removal of organs,
washing, disinfecting, dressing and then casketing. This mummification process
requires a couple of days for successful completion. The West has partaken this
body preservation method from the Egyptians. Although the techniques are
improvised, the motive remains the same.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 41 sampai nomor 42.
41. What is the topic
of the paragraph?
(A) Egyptian
mummification process
(B) Techniques of
mummification
(C) Modern technique
of embalming dead bodies
(D) Skills required in
mummification
(E) The motives of
mummification
42. What does the
following paragraph most likely discuss?
(A) Preservation
process in the west
(B) The improvised
mummification technique
(C) The reasons for
embalming dead bodies
(D) The Egyptian
method of embalming dead bodies
(E) Modern
mummification process
The
unmistakable buzz of a bumblebee is one of the quintessential sounds of British
summertime. However, this slender sound and faint utterance is under threat
because bumblebees are in crisis. Of the 25 species native to Britain, three
have already been declared extinct, five are designated UK Biodiversity Action
Plan priority species, and many more have undergone major range contractions.
The great yellow bumblebee, Bombus distinguendus, for example, is now
restricted to northern Scotland, Orkney and the Hebrides, and the shrill carder
bee, Bombus sylvarum, which was once common throughout southern Britain, now
exists only in seven small groups. In addition, as these populations become
more isolated they can become inbred, which increases the risk of further
extinctions.
At
the end of summer all the bumblebees in a colony die, apart from the virgin
queens who mate and then leave the nest to hibernate over winter. In the spring
a queen will make a new nest, lay eggs and then raise the first batch of workers.
This annual cycle depends on there being enough pollen and nectar to sustain
the queen as she establishes her nest and team of workers as the colony grows.
Pollen is a protein-rich fuel that is key to helping over-wintered queens to kickstart
their reproductive systems ready and for the development of larvae. Nectar, on
the other hand, is a sugar-rich fuel which is converted to honey to feed adult
bees. The bees make honey by adding to the nectar in their honey sacs an enzyme
called invertase, which converts sucrose sugars to a mixture of glucose and
fructose. Once the workers are developed, they take over the foraging and the
queen concentrates on laying eggs. Later in the year, if the colony has been
successful and reaches a large enough size, the queen will produce male eggs
and some female eggs are raised as new queens.
A
lack of resources is thought to be the critical factor that is affecting
bumblebee populations, and it is related to the loss of wild flowers, both in
the countryside and in vast areas of suburban gardens. The biggest impact has
been the availability of food and drink, in particular the continuity of
supplies throughout the colony cycle. Although nectar is available from a wide
range of plants, the bees can be much more choosy about where they collect
pollen from, sometimes restricting this to very few flowering plants. In
Scotland, overwintered queens of the declining and beautiful bilberry bumblebee
focus on bilberry in spring. Other species may focus on legumes such as red
clover and bird’s-foot trefoil. Sadly, because the UK has lost 98% of its
flower-rich grasslands, this has been devastating for some bumblebee species.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 43 sampai nomor 47.
43. What is the best
title of the passage?
(A) How to maintain
Bumblebee Species
(B) Why Wild Flowers
Disappear in the UK?
(C) A Reduction in
Bumblebees Population
(D) The Availability
of Bumblebees in the UK
(E) The Production of
Bumblebees’ Pollen and Honey
44. What can be
inferred from the passage about the lifecycle of bumblebees?
(A) The new workers
are brought up by the male bees.
(B) Bumblebees
hibernate throughout winter to survive.
(C) The virgin queens
survive the summer and then continue the reproduction.
(D) All the bumblebees
in a colony die when summer ends.
(E) The continuation
of the lifecycle depends on the skill of the queens in collecting food.
45. The word
’devastating’ in line 24 can best be replaced by ____.
(A) overwhelming
(B) demoralising
(C) shocking
(D) damaging
(E) disgusting
46. Which of the following
statements about the passage is FALSE?
(A) When the colony
has been thriving and reached a sufficient size, the queen will lay male eggs.
(B) Some female eggs
are laid to produce new queen bees.
(C) The declining
population of bumblebees has been attributed to the inadequate food resource.
(D) Nectar and pollen
are still widely available even for the choosy species of bumblebees.
(E) A large percentage
of the UK area has lost its ability to supply food for bumblebees.
47. Why did the writer
mention the queens of bilberry bumblebee?
(A) To describe how a
bumblebee may look like
(B) To give example of
bees which can survive the winter
(C) To show one
species of bees whose food resource is declining
(D) To give an example
of a species of bumblebees which is declining
(E) To give an example
of bees which are very selective about source of pollen
Global
warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature
over the past century __(48)__ due to the greenhouse gases released as people
burn fossil fuels. The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9
degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6 F) between 1906 and 2005, __(49)__ the rate of
temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. Temperatures are
certain to go up further. This phenomenon modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies
coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps
and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these
__(50)__ are already occurring. For most places, global warming will result in
more frequent hot days and fewer cool days, with the greatest warming __(51)__
over land. Longer, more intense heat waves will become more common. Storms,
floods, and droughts will generally be more severe as precipitation patterns
change. Hurricanes may increase in __(52)__ due to warmer ocean surface
temperatures.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 48 sampai nomor 52.
48. ...
(A) prime
(B) primer
(C) primary
(D) primacy
(E) primarily
49. ...
(A) and
(B) but
(C) or
(D) for
(E) also
50. ...
(A) results
(B) impacts
(C) symptoms
(D) changes
(E) signs
51. ...
(A) occurs
(B) occurred
(C) occurring
(D) to be occurred
(E) is occurring
52. ...
(A) intense
(B) intensive
(C) intensity
(D) intensively
(E) intensify
The
massages communicated by the eyes vary depending on the duration, direction,
and quality of the eye behavior. For example, in every culture there are rather
strict, though unstated, rules for __(54)__. In much of England and the United
States, for example, the average length of gaze is 2.95 seconds. The average
length of mutual gaze (two persons gazing each other) is 1.18 seconds. When eye
contact falls short of this amount, you may think the person is uninterested, shy,
or preoccupied. When the appropriate amount of time is exceeded, you may
perceive this as showing high interest.
In
much of the United States direct eye contact is considered an expression of
honesty and forthrightness. But the Japanese often view this movement as a lack
of respect. They will glance at the other person’s face rarely and then only for
very short periods. In many Hispanic cultures, direct eye contact signifies
certain equality and so __(55)__ be avoided by, say, children when speaking to
a person in authority. You also use eye contact to serve several important functions.
You can use __(56)__ to monitor feedback. For example, when you talk to
someone, you look at that person intently, as if to say, "Well, what do
you think?" or "React to __(57)__ I’ve just said." When you
speak with two or three people, you maintain eye contact to secure attention
and interest of your listeners. __(58)__ also helps signal the nature of the
relationship between two people.
By
making eye contact, we overcome psychologically the physical distance between
us. When we catch someone’s eye at a party, for example, we become
psychologically close even though we may be separated by considerable physical distance.
Eye contact and other expressions of psychological closeness __(59)__ to vary
in proportion to each other. The eyes, sociologist Erving Goffman observed in Interaction
Ritual (1967), are "great intruders." When you avoid eye contact or
avert your glance, you allow others to maintain their privacy. You probably do
this when you see a couple __(60)__ in the street or on a bus. You turn your
eyes away as if to say, "I don’t mean to intrude, I respect your
privacy." Goffman refers to this behavior as civil intention.
Gunakan Petunjuk A dalam
menjawab soal nomor 53 sampai nomor 60.
53. This sentence
"Eye movements are often used to compensate for increased physical
distance." should be ....
(A) the first sentence
of paragraph 1
(B) the last sentence
of paragraph 1
(C) the first sentence
of paragraph 2
(D) the first sentence
of paragraph 3
(E) the last sentence
of paragraph 3
54. ....
(A) the proper
duration for eye contact
(B) the duration of
proper eye contact
(C) the proper
duration with eye contact
(D) the duration
proper to eye contact
(E) the eye contact of
proper duration
55. ....
(A) may
(B) have to
(C) must
(D) had better
(E) should
56. ....
(A) them
(B) it
(C) all
(D) one of which
(E) one
57. ....
(A) how
(B) whom
(C) what
(D) that
(E) which
58. ....
(A) This language
gesture
(B) This spoken language
(C) This language
communication
(D) This non-verbal
communication
(E) This communication
of verbal language
59. ....
(A) to be found
(B) have been found
(C) were found
(D) had been found
(E) are being found
60. ....
(A) arguing
(B) argued
(C) are arguing
(D) to be arguing
(E) being argued
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